from http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html#more-about-tuples

交换值

其他语言中交换两个变量的值一般是这样的：

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tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;

python则可以这样：

b, a = a, b

还可以这样用：

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l =['David', 'Pythonista', '+1-514-555-1234']
name, title, phone = l
print name, title, phone
# output: David Pythonista +1-514-555-1234

_

下划线在python命令行的使用：

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>>> 2
2
>>> _
2
>>> 'Hello'
'Hello'
>>> _
'Hello'
>>> None
>>> _
'Hello'

由以上示例可以看出 _ 储存着上一次printed的结果

注意：如果上一次返回值为 None, _ 不会改变

in

Good:

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for key in d:
    print key

Bad:

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for key in d.keys():
	print key

改变字典时，才要用到 d.keys():

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for key in d.keys():
    d[str(key)] = d[key]

用 key in dict, 而不是 dict.has_key():

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# do this:
if key in d:
    ...do something with d[key]

# not this:
if d.has_key(key):
    ...do something with d[key]

合并两个list为一个dict

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given = ['John', 'Eric', 'Terry', 'Michael']
family = ['Cleese', 'Idle', 'Gilliam', 'Palin']
pythons = dict(zip(given, family))
print pythons
# output: 
# {'Eric': 'Idle', 'John': 'Cleese', 'Michael': 'Palin', 'Terry': 'Gilliam'}